“Are these seats taken?”
Are these seats taken? asks whether you may sit down. Taken means already occupied or reserved, so No means you may sit and Yes means the seats are in use. This reverses the answers to the common Japanese question “Are these seats free?” Here Sorry, my friend's coming. politely refuses the seat. Is this seat free? and Is anyone sitting here? serve similar purposes. After a refusal, someone may point out an available seat, as in The table by the door is free.

